Tuesday, July 30, 2019

10 Feb 1943 -- Transfers from Lexington Signal Depot

The newly commissioned Signal Corps Officers graduated December 18, 1942. My ancestor reported "Took the first train home", so he was able to spend Christmas with his family. According to his notes, he "reported Lexington Signal Depot for school" on December 30, 1942.

With the successful completion of school on Feb. 18, he once again took leave for the "first train home". He reported, along with others, to the 885th Sig Co, Tinker Field, Oklahoma City. He noted he arrived on Feb. 27.

The actual extract of the order assigning him indicated "Each of following-named 2d Lts of Sig C is reld fr asgmt and dy at Sig C RP Lexington Sig Dep, Lexington, Ky, eff upon compl present course of instr o/a 13 Feb 1943...".


Thirteen officers were named along with their new duty assignments:


NAME DUTY STATION
ROBERT  HUBER  Syracuse, NY
FRANK  JONES Oklahoma City, OK
FLOYD  JONES Oklahoma City, OK
LESTER  GREENWALD New Cumberland, PA
OSCAR  REICH Ft Mason, CA
WILLIAM  RAMAGHAN Ft Mason, CA
RAYMOND  SMITH Camp Crowder, MO
ANTHONY  ROMEO Pinedale, CA
OSCAR  MILLER Pinedale, CA
EDWIN  LAKE Pinedale, CA
JOHN  UTHOFF Cp Young, CA
ROBERT  VUCASOVICH Camp Bowie, TX
JOHN  WEINER Camp Bowie, TX

A copy of Special Orders #41 (Extract para. 24), War Department, Wash. DC dtd 10 Feb 1943

The Signal Corps had a class photo taken:

Members of  Signal Corps Officer Training Class dtd 9 Jan 1943
(courtesy of the author)
Special Orders #41 consisted of 24 pages, and two extracts contained 32 of the 47 officers in the class. Since a copy of the full Order was also provided--an extract (Paragraph 25) containing the names of more graduates--is included here.

 
NAME DUTY STATION
JAMES ALLEY JR Ft Bliss, TX
JACKSON  ALDERMAN Wright Fld, OH
ARLO BANDFIELD Barkeley, TX
JAMES CLEMENS JR Barkeley, TX
BERNARD DICKES Pinedale, CA
RAYMOND BROWN Pinedale, CA
CLAUDE GLASER Langley Fld, VA
ERNEST GAILEY Langley Fld, VA
OREM HOUSTON Rome, NY
JAMES HEFTON Rome, NY
JAMES HARRIS Oklahoma City, OK
PAUL HANSEN Oklahoma City, OK
DRUEBERT HAMPE Oklahoma City, OK
JAMES GROGAN Oklahoma City, OK
IRVING DAVIS Reno AAB, NV
GUSTAVE GRANDELL Reno AAB, NV
JULES BRICK Reno AAB, NV
C F BELL Reno AAB, NV
JAMES EAGER Pinedale, CA

A copy of Special Orders #41 (Extract para. 25), War Department, Wash. DC dtd 10 Feb 1943

A full copy of Special Orders #41 may be found here.

Thursday, July 25, 2019

10 Dec 1942 -- OCS Graduates / Commissions

Officer Candidate School graduates were notified December 10th, of their impending commissioning as Officers in the United States Army...the Orders extract stated in part "...each of the following-named 2ND LIEUTS, Sig C, AUS, (former grades and permanent non-military addresses indicate), who will satisfactorily complete the Officer Candidate Course at the E Sig C Sch on 18 Dec, 1942, is, effective that date ordered to active duty, and will report to the CO, this sta, for temp duty...".

All Officers were part of the Signal Corps, so all were transferred to the Lexington Signal Depot, Lexington, Kentucky--date of rank 18 Dec 1942.

They took a photo:

The Graduating Class OCS Ft. Monmouth NJ December 1942
(photo courtesy of the author)



The following 47 personnel were named in the order, along with former rank, and current home address:

CPL ADDISON ABRAMOWITZ,  Barnegat,  NJ
CPL JAMES ALLEY Jr,  Greenwich,  CT
CPL ARLO BANDFIELD,  Waterloo,  IA
CPL CHARLES BARTLETT,  Millville,  NJ
CPL C BELL,  Floresville,  TX
CPL ORRIN BOXMANN,  East Moline,  IL
CPL JULES BRICK,  Passaic,  NJ
CPL FRANK BROOKS Jr,  Scott City,  KS
SSGT RAYMOND BROWN,  Port Richmond,  NY
SGT ISIDORE BROWN,  Brooklyn,  NY
TECH5G JAMES CLEMENS Jr,  New York,  NY
CPL IRVING DAVIS,  Trenton,  NJ
TECH4G BERNARD DICKES,  Newark,  NJ
CPL JAMES EAGER,  Brooklyn,  NY
CPL ERNEST GAILEY,  Lakewood,  NJ
CPL CHARLES GAUNT III,  Asherville,  NC
TECH5G CLAUDE GLASER Jr,  Bronxville,  NY
SSGT WILLIAM GOODYEAR,  Des Moines,  IA
CPL GUSTAVE GRANDELL,  Duluth,  MN
SGT LESTER GREENWALD,  Dayton,  OH
SGT JAMES GROGAN,  Sanborn,  IA
SSGT DRUEBERT HAMPE,  New Braunfels,  TX
CPL PARUL HANSEN,  Worcester,  MA
CPL JAMES HARRIS,  Birmingham,  AL
CPL DAVID HAY,  Swampscott,  MA
SGT JAMES HEFTON,  Bumpass,  VA
CPL CHARLES HOEFLICK,  New York,  NY
MSGT OREM HOUSTON,  Arbutus,  MD
CPL ROBERT HUBER,  Clinton,  WI
CPL RALPH JOHNSON,  Greensburg,  PA
CPL FRANK JONES,  Chattanooga,  TN
SSGT FLOYD JONES,  Newton,  KS
TECH4G EDWIN LAKE,  Brooklyn,  NY
CPL GEORGE LEVIN,  St. Louis,  MO
CPL SIDNEY MARSHALL,  Syracuse,  NY
CPL OSCAR MILLER,  Brooklyn,  NY
CPL WILLIAM RANAGHAN,  Somerville,  MA
CPL OSCAR REICH,  Los Angeles,  CA
CPL DONALD ROHRBACH,  Allentown,  PA
SGT ANTHONY ROMEO,  New York,  NY
TECH4G ROLAND ROSENBERGER,  Highland Park,  MI
CPL RAYMOND SMITH,  Beaumont,  TX
SSGT LEONARD STRASSMAN,  Elizabeth,  NJ
CPL ROY VAN BRUNT,  Forest Hills,  NY
CPL ROBERT VUCASOVICH,  Anaconda,  MT
TECH4G JOHN WEINER,  Livingston Manor,  NY
TECH4G HOWARD WILLIAMS,  Fremont,  NE

Each graduate was provided with a certificate of training:

Course Completion Certificate
One of the subjects was "Mess Management" :-).

A copy of Special Orders #339 (Extract para. 29), HQ Fort Monmouth, Red Bank, NJ dtd 10 Dec 1942

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

12 Sep 1942 -- OCS Selections

Orders came down today for selection to Signal Corps Officer Candidate School, Ft. Monmouth, NJ. Departures were to be scheduled to arrive September, 18th, to attend the "officer candidate course and later assignment to duty and new permanent duty station." This order was an extract (paragraph 7) of the original order from HQ Seventh Service Command, Services of Supply, Omaha.


The following enlisted men were selected:

RANK         NAME                                           UNIT LOCATION

PVT BRUCE N KEENEY Ft Crook, NE
CPL ERNEST  SABO Ft Francis E. Warren, WY
PFC ROBERT Z LERNER Ft Francis E. Warren, WY
PFC CHARLES F MCCAMISH Ft Leavenworth, KS
PFC JACK T ELSLOO Ft Leavenworth, KS
PVT GAILARD B ABART Ft Leavenworth, KS
TECH4G CHARLES M BARRINGER Ft Snelling, MN
CPL DONALD A BERGLUND Ft Snelling, MN
CPL ROBERT E FOYE Ft Snelling, MN
PVT ROBERT F PURINTON Camp Crowder, MO
TECH4GR CHARLES G STEELE JR Ft Riley, KS
CPL SIDNEY L COHEN Ft Riley, KS
TECH 5G GEORGE S BARKER Ft Riley, KS
TECH5G DONAVAN D DOYLE Ft Riley, KS
PFC LOUIS F SNODGRASS Ft Riley, KS
SSGT WELLSFORD V BARLOW Ft Leonard Wood, MO
SSGT FLOYD M JONES Ft Leonard Wood, MO
SGT THOMAS H ELSEY Ft Leonard Wood, MO
TECH4G KENNETH G EBERT Ft Leonard Wood, MO
TECH4G ROBERT L IMENDORF Ft Leonard Wood, MO


A copy of Special Orders #249 (EXTRACT), HQ Seventh Service Command, September 12, 1942

Sunday, July 21, 2019

06 Jun 1942 -- Company Promotions

Headquarters 19th Signal Service Company, Fort Omaha, Nebraska announces promotions for some of its servicemen, along with rationale.

The following 65 enlisted men are identified along with their to-be-Rank:


TECH5G LEROY W ALEXANDER
PFC DWAYNE C ATWILL
SSGT EDDIE M BAILEY
TECH4G DEAN L BALDWIN
TECH5G ARTHUR C BAUMBACH
TECH4G DONALD M BEEMBLOSSOM
SSGT GEORGE F BETT
TECH5G EARL H BLY
CORP HUGH G BONNIE
SGT CLARENCE S BURCH
TECH5G IGNATIUS E CARRAHER
CORP JAMES H COSTELLO
TECH4G LEON D CRAWFORD
TSGT CHESTER H CURTIS
TECH4G JESSIE E DANIEL
TECH4G EUGENE A DIETRICH
PFC ROBERT F DODD
CORP KENNETH  G EBERT
TECH4G THOMAS H ELSEY
PFC DONALD E FLANDERS JR
PFC GEORGE K HECKEL
CORP ROBERT L IMENDORF
TECH4G WESLEY L JENNINGS
SSGT FLOYD M JONES
CORP JOHN L KIERNAN
TECH5G KENNETH  N KINNEY
TECH5G WILLIAM C KOCH
TECH5G PHILIP  KUNGL
CORP ARMOND W LAWRENCE
TECH4G RAYMOND H LEAVER
SGT JOHN J LOWERY
TSGT ERVIN W MADSEN
CORP EDWARD J MASTERSON
TECH5G ROBERT A MCKINLEY
PFC MYRLE  MONROE
PFC RICHARD C MOORE
TECH3G FRANK  E MOWRY
CORP HAROLD L MOYLAN
PFC RICHARD O MULLEN
TECH5G ALBERT W NELSON
PFC MELVIN A NYSTROM
SGT HOWARD C O'BRIEN
TECH4G KENNETH  H OLSON
CORP CLARENCE  PETERSON
PFC FRED  PFEIFER
PFC JAMES L PITCHFORD
PFC KENDALL E POTTER
TECH4G ROBERT B PRATT
PFC MARTIN J PRICE JR
TECH5G WILLIAM B RECTOR JR
TECH4G MAYNARD E ROBINETT
PFC ARTHUR L RUDNICK
SGT MILO L SAYLOR
TECH3G WALTER F SHIELDS
TECH4G GEORGE L STANLEY
PFC ALVIN D STEEB
SGT FRANKLIN M STEWART
SSGT GEORGE W STRUBLE
SGT JAMES H TIPPIT
SGT ORIS M TURNER
SGT THEODORE  VAN GRONIGEN
TSGT CARL  L WASTLUND
TECH5G JOHN D WHITFIELD
PFC HENRY  WILCZAK
PFC ELIJAH M YORK

A copy of Company Order #23, HQ 19th Signal Service Company June 6, 1942

Friday, July 19, 2019

01 Apr 1942 - Company Promotions and Disratings


Signal Corps Insignia
Tech 5G Insignia



The Nineteenth Signal Service Company, headquartered at Fort Omaha, Nebraska noted promotions and disratings to personnel along with the rationale and effective date. Over 180 actions were recorded.



At this time, a reclassification of specialist rankings occurred. All "Specialist Class" personnel became "Technician Grade" personnel. Definitions:




The following enlisted men are identified. Because of the large number of soldiers, the page of the order is identified along with the name.


PAGE NAME_____


PAGE NAME_____

PG. 4 WILLIAM J ACKERMAN
PG. 2 RAYMOND H LEAVER
PG. 3 HARRY D ADAIR
PG. 3 RAYMOND H LEAVER
PG. 4 LEROY W ALEXANDER
PG. 1 HAROLD E LEE
PG. 2 FLOYD W ARLING
PG. 4 HAROLD S LEE
PG. 1 ELLIS C ATCHISON
PG. 4 DONALD W LINENGER
PG. 2 ELLIS C ATCHISON
PG. 1 ORVILLE E LONE
PG. 3 JOSEPH T BACSI
PG. 3 ORVILLE E LONE
PG. 3 BEN C BALL
PG. 3 JOHN J LOWERY
PG. 2 WELLSFORD V BARLOW
PG. 5 LAWRENCE C LUCE
PG. 3 DONALD R BAYER
PG. 2 ERVIN W MADSEN
PG. 4 DONALD M BEEMBLOSSOM
PG. 4 GEORGE F MARTS
PG. 1 ROBERT N BENNETT
PG. 5 EDWARD J MASTERSON
PG. 4 ROBERT N BENNETT
PG. 1 CHARLES E MCCOLLUM
PG. 5 IRWIN D BERNHAGEN
PG. 3 CHARLES E MCCOLLUM
PG. 1 WILLIE H BESS
PG. 3 JOHN R MCHUGH
PG. 3 WILLIE H BESS
PG. 1 OLIVER P MCPHERSON
PG. 1 ROBERT H BOND
PG. 3 OLIVER P MCPHERSON
PG. 2 ROBERT H BOND
PG. 2 JOHN D MELIA
PG. 1 HUGH G BONNIE
PG. 1 MARVIN C MILETT
PG. 4 HUGH G BONNIE
PG. 3 MARVIN C MILETT
PG. 3 GILBERT C BOWEN
PG. 4 RICH/RD L MINTON
PG. 2 CHARLES M BOYD
PG. 3 DURWARD M MOORE
PG. 5 CHARLES M BOYD
PG. 3 FRANK E MOWRY
PG. 3 GRANVIL F BOYD
PG. 1 HAROLD L MOYLAN
PG. 4 ALFRED C BRANTLEY
PG. 4 HAROLD L MOYLAN
PG. 2 JAMES R BRITTIN
PG. 4 JOSEPH F MYZAK
PG. 3 JAMES R BRITTIN
PG. 2 LAVERN W NEVIN
PG. 1 MAJOR O BROWN
PG. 4 LAVERN W NEVIN
PG. 3 MAJOR O BROWN
PG. 3 WAYNE E NORDSTROM
PG. 3 JOHN O BURKA
PG. 2 WILFRED S OLMON
PG. 1 ROBERT L BYERS
PG. 4 WILFRED E OLMON
PG. 5 IGNATIUS S CARRAHER
PG. 4 DONALD L OMANN
PG. 2 WALTER L CHADWELL
PG. 1 ROBERT G PEARSON
PG. 3 WALTER L CHADWELL
PG. 3 ROBERT G PEARSON
PG. 4 BERLIN R CHANDLER
PG. 5 JAMES D PHILLIPS
PG. 2 VERNON E CLARK
PG. 2 ORMAND K PHILSON
PG. 5 SHIRLEY W COLES
PG. 3 ORMAND K PHILSON
PG. 4 ARTHUR F CORBETT
PG. 4 JAMES L PITCHFORD
PG. 4 JAMES H COSTELLO
PG. 2 WILLIAM H RAMSEY
PG. 1 LEON D CRAWFORD
PG. 2 GUY N RANDALL
PG. 3 LEON D CRAWFORD
PG. 4 HENRY W REESE
PG. 3 THOMAS H CRAWFORD
PG. 2 HENRY M RHODE
PG. 2 CECIL M DAVIS
PG. 3 HENRY M RHODE
PG. 4 CECIL M DAVIS
PG. 2 MAYNARD E ROBINETT
PG. 2 BUFORD W DEAN
PG. 3 MAYNARD S ROBINETT
PG. 2 WILBUR D DEPAUW
PG. 3 JUARA K ROBINSON
PG. 3 WILBUR D DEPAUW
PG. 2 HENRY H ROGERS
PG. 4 HOWARD W DOHERTY
PG. 5 HENRY H ROGERS
PG. 4 DONAVAN D DOYLE
PG. 2 HURLEY H ROGERS
PG. 2 JAMES H DUMPPROPE
PG. 4 HURLEY H ROGERS
PG. 4 THOMAS I ELSEY
PG. 3 HERBERT E RUSSELL
PG. 4 VERGIL E ELSTON
PG. 1 RICHARD E RUTHERFORD
PG. 4 MELVIN G ENGLEBRETSON
PG. 3 RICHARD E RUTHERFORD
PG. 3 ORVILLE A EUDALEY
PG. 1 MILO L SAYLOR
PG. 2 JACK
FINDLAY
PG. 3 MILO L SAYLOR
PG. 4 JACK
FINDLAY
PG. 4 LEO G SCHEUFFELE
PG. 2 LOUIS
FLAKNE
PG. 3 CLARENCE E SCHMIDT
PG. 4 LOUIS W FLAKNE
PG. 1 KENNETH H SCHMIDT
PG. 4 RICHARD
FLEESON
PG. 3 KENNETH H SCHMIDT
PG. 4 RICHARD
FLEESON
PG. 4 FREDERICK A SCHULZ
PG. 2 WILLIAM A FOWLER
PG. 2 LESLEY D SCOBEE
PG. 4 WILLIAM A FOWLER JR
PG. 4 LESLEY D SCOBEE
PG. 1 CHARLES E GASS
PG. 1 THOMAS E SEELEY
PG. 4 CHARLES E GASS
PG. 3 THOMAS E SEELEY
PG. 2 JESSE R GRIMES
PG. 1 MARION H SEVERSON
PG. 3 THEODORE VAN GRONIGEN
PG. 3 MARION H SEVERSON
PG. 1 THEODORS VAN GRONIGEN
PG. 2 JAMES H SHERTZ
PG. 1 THOMPSON
GROW
PG. 5 JAMES H SHERTZ
PG. 3 THOMPSON
GROW
PG. 4 ARTHUR H SLESS
PG. 1 WILLIAM A HASSE
PG. 1 MILTON R SMITH
PG. 3 WILLIAM A HASSE
PG. 4 MILTON R SMITH
PG. 2 JOHN A HINES
PG. 1 DONALD C SPONG
PG. 4 RAYMOND L HORTON
PG. 2 DONALD C SPONG
PG. 1 DWIGHT I HULTMAN
PG. 2 GEORGE R SQUIRE
PG. 3 DWIGHT I HULTMAN
PG. 3 GEORGE R SQUIRE
PG. 4 WILLIAM H HUSTING
PG. 1 GEORGE L STANLEY
PG. 5 ROBERT L IMENDORF
PG. 3 GEORGE L STANLEY
PG. 1 RAY H JACKSON
PG. 2 LAWRENCE W STARK
PG. 2 UEDE L JACOBS
PG. 5 LAWRENCE W STARK
PG. 1 WESLEY L JENNINGS
PG. 3 GEORGE W STRUBLE
PG. 4 WESLEY L JENNINGS
PG. 1 WILBUR J TABOR
PG. 4 JAMBS P JERNIGAN
PG. 2 WILBUR J TABOR
PG. 1 ROBERT
JOHNSON
PG. 2 JOHN S TOFIL
PG. 1 FLOYD M JONES
PG. 4 JOHN S TOFIL
PG. 3 FLOYD M JONES
PG. 2 ORIS M TURNER
PG. 4 JOHN L KIERNAN
PG. 3 ORIS M TURNER
PG. 2 ROBERT T LARSON
PG. 2 PAUL V WEINGART
PG. 4 ROBERT T LARSON
PG. 4 PAUL V WEINGART
PG. 2 AMAND
LAWRENCE
PG. 2 HOWARD H WRIGHT
PG. 4 ARMOND W LAWRENCE
PG. 3 HOWARD H WRIGHT
PG. 3 GERALD R LAWRENCE
PG. 5 ANTHONY S ZOLA

A copy of Company Order #11, HQ 19th Signal Service Company April 1, 1942

08 Dec 1941 -- More Company Promotions/Reductions

The Nineteenth Signal Service Company, headquartered at Fort Omaha, Nebraska noted promotions and reductions to personnel along with the rationale and effective date. Most occurred due to transfers. Seven servicemen are identified.



They were:

JAMES H SHERTZ - reduced fm CPL to PVT SPC4
GEORGE M BECK - promoted to CPL
GLENN A WOMBWELL - promoted to CPL
FLOYD M JONES - promoted to PFC SPC5
HARRY D ADAIR - promoted to PFC
HAROLD D AMES - promoted to PFC
CECIL H DAVIS - promoted to PVT SPC4

A copy of Company Order #45, HQ 19th Signal Service Company, December 8, 1941

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

05 Aug 1941 -- Temporary Duty Assignment


Three enlisted men from the 19th Signal Company at Ft. Leonard Wood are assigned to the Engineer Replacement Training Center, same location, for three weeks of training. After that they will return to their units.



The affected enlisted men are:


PERRY P CONLEY
THEODORE VAN GRONIGEN
FLOYD M JONES

All are the rank of Private.

Copy of Special Orders #151, HQ Fort Leonard Wood, MO, EXTRACT August 5, 1941

26 July 1941 -- Company Promotions

Signal Corps Insignia
The Nineteenth Signal Service Company, headquartered at Fort Omaha, Nebraska noted promotions to personnel along with the rationale and effective date. Eight servicemen are identified.



The following men are identified in Company Order #29:

Promoted to Sergeant:
DANIEL R MCDONALD 

Promoted to Corporal

WAYNE E NORDSTROM

Promoted to Private First Class

RALPH J MCCARTNEY
PEARY P COOLEY
CARL L THOMAS
THEO VAN GRONIGEN

Promoted to Private Specialist 4th Class
LORRAINE B LA DUE

Promoted to Private Specialist 5th Class
FLOYD M JONES

A copy of Company Order #29, 19th Signal Service Company, July 26, 1941

Monday, July 15, 2019

28 Jun 1941 -- The Beginning


WW2 Draft card (rear)
In January, 1941 my ancestor was classified by his local draft board as 1A. The following June that draft board sent him a letter  stating "You have been selected for training and service...[y]ou will receive an Order to Report for Induction--such induction to take place on or about June 10th to 30th, 1941..."

So he was drafted, and ordered to report to the Fort Leavenworth "Reception Center" on June 25th. After picking up his uniforms and gear, he was assigned to Ft. Leonard Wood, MO to Detachment Signal Service Company, Signal Corps. His record copy of the orders for assignment were preserved as an Extract (i.e. only specific paragraphs of the order that applied to him and others nearby). The Extract contained the names of 24 others who were assigned to various locations in the Signal Corps.

Draft Notice, June 2nd, 1941




Here are the 25 people mentioned in Special Orders #151 Extract handed down from Headquarters Reception Center #1773, Fort Leavenworth, KS.

WILLIAM CARSTENS
WOODROW CURTIS
LESLIE FRYE
WILMER HAFFNER
FLOYD JONES
IRA KIRKENDOLL
TROY KLOEFKORN
J P LESH
CHARLES MARLING
SCOTT MCCLELLAND
WAVERLY MEEKER
JOHN  MOHLMAN
CHARLES MULLEN JR
WILLIAM ONEY
REX PIERSON
HOWARD RANDLES
JOSEPH SARRACINO
RUDOLPH SCHIBLER
ANTHONY SCHWAB
PAUL SMITH
JOHN  SWENSON
PAUL TEMPLE
HENRY TOBIN
LAWRENCE  VERMILLION
HAROLD  WEEKS
HAROLD  WILSON

Copy of Special Orders #151 (Extract) HQ Reception Ctr #1773, Ft. Leavenworth, 28 Jun 1941

Thursday, July 11, 2019

The Story


My father served in WWII in the China-Burma-India Theater as part of the Signal Corps. Starting out as a draftee, he eventually was accepted to Signal Corps Officer Candidate School. After that he was immediately assigned to the China-Burma-India theater. While his official record (as many others) were destroyed in the 1974 St. Louis fire, he kept his copy of his service record, so there is still available a document of each assignment he had...

An OCS December at Fort Monmouth, NJ
...and by default a record for anyone who was promoted, transferred, or ordered the same time he was. It's planned that each entry will show all soldiers noted on the order received by him.

Hopefully this will help someone find a record of an ancestor who served, that would otherwise be lost.

Happy Hunting!
 
(To start I recommend you key in the last name of who you're looking for in the search box in the right hand column.)